/* Arbor Survey design system (Brand Guidelines v2.3). Single shared stylesheet. */
:root{
  --dark-green:#4E5B31; --mid-green:#6A813B; --sage:#7A9D4B; --light-green:#ACC37E;
  --soft-green:#B7C693; --pale-green:#C6D6A5; --pale-tint:#EAF0D8; --near-black:#231F20;
  --mid-grey:#666666; --light-grey:#CCCCCC; --off-white:#F2F1EC; --positive:#5FA052;
  --terracotta:#A85A38; --warm-tan:#C9A86A; --maxw:1120px; --fallback:"Segoe UI",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
}
*{box-sizing:border-box;}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}
body{margin:0;font-family:"Open Sans",var(--fallback);color:var(--near-black);background:#fff;font-size:17px;line-height:1.6;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;}
h1,h2,h3{font-family:"Open Sans",var(--fallback);color:var(--dark-green);line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 .5em;}
h1{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:700;}
h2{font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:700;}
h3{font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:600;}
p{margin:0 0 1.1rem;}
a{color:var(--dark-green);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px;}
a:hover{color:var(--sage);}
.container{max-width:var(--maxw);margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px;}
.eyebrow{font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dark-green);margin:0 0 .8rem;}
.lede{font-size:1.08rem;max-width:46em;}
.section{padding:64px 0;}
.section--tight{padding:52px 0;}
.bg-tint{background:var(--pale-tint);}
.bg-off{background:var(--off-white);}
.skip{position:absolute;left:-999px;background:var(--dark-green);color:#fff;padding:10px 16px;z-index:200;}
.skip:focus{left:12px;top:12px;}

/* header / nav */
.site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:100;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--light-grey);}
.nav{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:12px 24px;max-width:var(--maxw);margin:0 auto;}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;text-decoration:none;}
.brand:hover{color:inherit;}
.brand .mark{width:34px;height:34px;flex:none;color:var(--sage);}
.brand .wordmark{font-weight:700;font-size:1.22rem;color:var(--dark-green);}
.brand-logo{height:52px;width:auto;display:block;}
.brand-logo--footer{height:80px;}
@media (max-width:760px){.brand-logo{height:44px;}}

/* cookie consent */
.cookie-consent{position:fixed;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:200;background:var(--dark-green);color:#fff;box-shadow:0 -6px 24px rgba(35,31,32,.20);}
.cookie-consent[hidden]{display:none;}
.cookie-inner{max-width:var(--maxw);margin:0 auto;padding:16px 24px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;}
.cookie-text{margin:0;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--pale-green);max-width:64ch;}
.cookie-text a{color:#fff;text-underline-offset:2px;}
.cookie-actions{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-shrink:0;}
.cookie-accept,.cookie-decline{font-family:inherit;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:600;padding:10px 22px;border-radius:999px;cursor:pointer;border:2px solid #fff;transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease;}
.cookie-accept{background:#fff;color:var(--dark-green);}
.cookie-accept:hover{background:var(--pale-green);border-color:var(--pale-green);}
.cookie-decline{background:transparent;color:#fff;}
.cookie-decline:hover{background:#fff;color:var(--dark-green);}
.cookie-reopen{background:none;border:0;padding:0;font:inherit;color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px;cursor:pointer;}
.cookie-reopen:hover{color:#fff;}
@media (max-width:640px){.cookie-inner{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:12px;}.cookie-actions{width:100%;}.cookie-accept,.cookie-decline{flex:1;}}
.nav-links{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
.nav-links a{font-size:.92rem;text-decoration:none;color:var(--dark-green);font-weight:600;padding:8px 14px;border-radius:999px;transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease;}
.nav-links a:hover,.nav-links a:focus-visible{background:var(--pale-tint);color:var(--dark-green);outline:none;}
.nav-links a[aria-current="page"]{background:var(--pale-green);color:var(--dark-green);}
.nav-toggle{display:none;background:none;border:0;cursor:pointer;padding:8px;}
.nav-toggle span{display:block;width:24px;height:2px;background:var(--dark-green);margin:5px 0;}
.has-sub{position:relative;}
.nav-links .subtoggle{font-family:inherit;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--dark-green);background:none;border:0;cursor:pointer;padding:8px 14px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease;}
.nav-links .subtoggle:hover,.has-sub:hover .subtoggle,.has-sub:focus-within .subtoggle,.has-sub.open .subtoggle{background:var(--pale-tint);}
.subtoggle .caret{width:7px;height:7px;border-right:2px solid currentColor;border-bottom:2px solid currentColor;transform:rotate(45deg);transition:transform .15s ease;position:relative;top:-2px;}
.has-sub:hover .caret,.has-sub.open .caret{transform:rotate(-135deg);top:1px;}
.subnav{position:absolute;left:0;top:100%;min-width:268px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--light-grey);border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(35,31,32,.16);padding:10px;margin:0;list-style:none;display:none;z-index:130;}
.has-sub:hover .subnav,.has-sub:focus-within .subnav,.has-sub.open .subnav{display:block;}
.subnav li{margin:0;}
.subnav .subhead{font-size:.66rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dark-green);padding:9px 12px 3px;}
.subnav a{display:block;padding:8px 12px;border-radius:7px;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--dark-green);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;}
.subnav a:hover,.subnav a:focus-visible{background:var(--pale-tint);color:var(--dark-green);outline:none;}
.subnav .divider{height:1px;background:var(--light-grey);margin:7px 6px;}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .has-sub{width:100%;}
  .nav-links .subtoggle{width:100%;justify-content:space-between;padding:12px 14px;}
  .subnav{position:static;box-shadow:none;border:0;border-radius:0;padding:0 0 6px 12px;min-width:0;display:none;}
  .has-sub:hover .subnav,.has-sub:focus-within .subnav{display:none;}
  .has-sub.open .subnav{display:block;}
}

/* buttons */
.btn{display:inline-block;background:var(--dark-green);color:#fff;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;padding:13px 26px;border:2px solid var(--dark-green);border-radius:999px;transition:all .15s ease;cursor:pointer;}
.btn:hover{background:#fff;color:var(--dark-green);}
.btn--ghost{background:transparent;color:#fff;border-color:#fff;}
.btn--ghost:hover{background:#fff;color:var(--dark-green);}
.btn--nav{padding:8px 18px;}
.nav-links a.btn{color:#fff;}
.nav-links a.btn:hover,.nav-links a.btn:focus-visible{background:#fff;color:var(--dark-green);}

/* hero */
.hero{position:relative;background:var(--dark-green);color:#fff;overflow:hidden;}
.hero .container{position:relative;z-index:2;padding-top:84px;padding-bottom:84px;max-width:880px;}
.hero h1{color:#fff;font-size:2.9rem;margin-bottom:.4em;}
.hero .lead{font-size:1.18rem;color:var(--pale-green);max-width:42em;margin-bottom:0;}
.hero .eyebrow{color:var(--light-green);}
.rings{position:absolute;pointer-events:none;}
.rings--hero{top:-80px;right:-80px;width:360px;height:360px;color:#fff;opacity:.15;z-index:1;}
.rings--cta{bottom:-90px;left:-80px;width:300px;height:300px;color:var(--sage);opacity:.25;}

/* photo hero: rotating banner, photo right, dark-green fade over the left */
.hero--photo{display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:clamp(440px,46vw,600px);}
.hero--photo .container{max-width:var(--maxw);width:100%;position:relative;z-index:2;}
.hero--photo .eyebrow,.hero--photo h1,.hero--photo .lead,.hero--photo .btn-row{max-width:560px;}
.hero--photo h1,.hero--photo .lead{text-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(35,31,32,.28);}
.hero__media{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:0;overflow:hidden;background:var(--dark-green);}
.hero__img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:72% 50%;opacity:0;transition:opacity 1.4s ease;}
.hero__img.is-on{opacity:1;}
.hero__scrim{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:1;pointer-events:none;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#4E5B31 0%,#4E5B31 44%,rgba(78,91,49,.90) 56%,rgba(78,91,49,.50) 74%,rgba(78,91,49,.12) 100%);}
@media (max-width:820px){
  .hero--photo{min-height:0;}
  .hero--photo .eyebrow,.hero--photo h1,.hero--photo .lead,.hero--photo .btn-row{max-width:none;}
  .hero__img{object-position:64% 32%;}
  .hero__scrim{background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(78,91,49,.80) 0%,rgba(78,91,49,.92) 42%,#4E5B31 100%);}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.hero__img{transition:none;}}

/* article header */
.arthead{background:var(--pale-tint);border-bottom:1px solid var(--light-grey);}
.arthead .container{max-width:760px;padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:46px;}
.backlink{display:inline-block;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;color:var(--mid-green);margin-bottom:22px;}
.backlink:hover{color:var(--dark-green);}
.itag{display:inline-block;align-self:flex-start;font-size:.64rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;background:var(--pale-green);color:var(--dark-green);padding:4px 11px;border-radius:999px;margin-bottom:16px;}
.arthead h1{font-size:2.3rem;margin-bottom:.35em;}
.artdek{font-size:1.18rem;color:var(--near-black);max-width:36em;margin-bottom:1.4rem;}
.byline{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;font-size:.86rem;color:var(--mid-grey);}
.byline strong{color:var(--dark-green);font-weight:700;}
.byline .dot{width:3px;height:3px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--light-grey);}

/* article body */
.article{max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;}
.article p{font-size:1.06rem;}
.article h2{margin-top:2.1rem;font-size:1.45rem;}
.article .lead-para{font-size:1.16rem;color:var(--near-black);}
.article .standfirst{font-size:1.06rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--dark-green);border-left:4px solid var(--sage);padding:2px 0 2px 16px;margin:0 0 1.4rem;}
.photo{margin:1.9rem 0;}
.photo img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:10px;}
.photo figcaption{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--mid-grey);margin:12px 4px 0;line-height:1.5;}
.diagram{margin:1.9rem 0;border:1px solid var(--light-grey);border-radius:10px;background:#fff;padding:18px 18px 6px;}
.diagram img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;}
.diagram figcaption{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--mid-grey);margin:14px 4px 8px;line-height:1.5;}
.diagram figcaption b{color:var(--dark-green);}
.formula{background:var(--off-white);border:1px solid var(--light-grey);border-left:5px solid var(--sage);border-radius:8px;padding:18px 22px;margin:1.6rem 0;}
.formula .flabel{font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dark-green);margin:0 0 6px;}
.formula .feq{font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--dark-green);margin:0 0 4px;}
.formula .fsmall{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--mid-grey);margin:0;}
.dtable{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:1.5rem 0;font-size:1rem;}
.dtable th,.dtable td{text-align:left;padding:10px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--light-grey);}
.dtable thead th{background:var(--pale-tint);color:var(--dark-green);font-size:.78rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;}
.dtable tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0;}
.dtable td:last-child,.dtable th:last-child{text-align:center;width:5.5em;color:var(--mid-grey);}
.sources,.refnote{margin-top:2.4rem;padding:16px 20px;background:var(--off-white);border-left:4px solid var(--light-green);border-radius:6px;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--mid-grey);}
.sources strong,.refnote strong{color:var(--dark-green);}
.sources h2{font-size:1rem;margin:0 0 .5rem;}
.sources ul{margin:0 0 .6rem;padding-left:1.2rem;}
.sources .note{margin:0;}

/* related + cta */
.related-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:24px;}
.rel{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--light-grey);border-radius:8px;border-top:4px solid var(--sage);padding:20px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;transition:transform .15s ease,box-shadow .15s ease,border-color .15s ease;}
.rel:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(35,31,32,.10);border-color:var(--sage);color:inherit;}
.rel .reltag{font-size:.66rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dark-green);}
.rel h3{font-size:1.02rem;margin:.4em 0 0;color:var(--dark-green);}
.cta{position:relative;background:var(--dark-green);color:#fff;text-align:center;overflow:hidden;}
.cta h2{color:#fff;}
.cta p{color:var(--pale-green);max-width:40em;margin:0 auto 1.6rem;}

/* insights index cards */
.icards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(300px,1fr));gap:24px;margin-top:30px;}
.icard{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--light-grey);border-radius:8px;padding:24px 24px 22px;border-top:4px solid var(--sage);text-decoration:none;color:inherit;transition:transform .15s ease,box-shadow .15s ease,border-color .15s ease;}
a.icard:hover,a.icard:focus-visible{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 10px 26px rgba(35,31,32,.10);border-color:var(--sage);color:inherit;outline:none;}
.icard h3{color:var(--dark-green);margin-bottom:.4em;font-size:1.12rem;}
.icard .idek{font-size:.92rem;color:var(--mid-grey);margin:0 0 1.1rem;}
.icard .go{font-weight:700;color:var(--dark-green);font-size:.9rem;margin-top:auto;}
.imeta{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--mid-grey);margin:0 0 1.2rem;display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}
.imeta .dot{width:3px;height:3px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--light-grey);}

/* signup */
.signup{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--light-grey);border-radius:10px;border-left:5px solid var(--dark-green);padding:30px 34px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:20px 36px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;}
.signup .su-main{flex:1;min-width:280px;}
.signup h2{font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:.3em;}
.signup p{margin:0;color:var(--mid-grey);font-size:.96rem;}
.su-form{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;min-width:280px;}
.su-form input[type=email]{font-family:inherit;font-size:.95rem;padding:12px 16px;border:1px solid var(--light-grey);border-radius:999px;min-width:220px;flex:1;}
.su-form input[type=email]:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--sage);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px var(--pale-tint);}
.su-note{font-size:.78rem;color:var(--mid-grey);margin-top:10px;width:100%;}

/* download cards (shared) */
.dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:14px;margin-top:8px;}
.dl--3{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);}
.dl-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--light-grey);border-radius:6px;padding:13px 15px;font-size:.92rem;color:var(--near-black);text-decoration:none;}
.dl-item:hover{border-color:var(--sage);color:var(--near-black);}
.dl-item .ic{width:36px;height:36px;flex:none;border-radius:6px;background:var(--pale-tint);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:var(--dark-green);font-weight:700;font-size:.7rem;}
.dl-item .t{font-weight:600;}
.dl-item .s{display:block;font-weight:400;color:var(--mid-grey);font-size:.82rem;}
@media (max-width:700px){.dl--3{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}
@media (max-width:560px){.dl{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}

/* honeypot (shared, anti-spam) */
.hp{position:absolute;left:-5000px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;}

/* footer + draftbar */
.site-footer{background:var(--dark-green);color:var(--pale-green);font-size:.92rem;}
.site-footer .container{padding-top:38px;padding-bottom:38px;}
.foot-top{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;align-items:center;}
.foot-contact a{color:#fff;}
.foot-legal{margin-top:20px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);color:var(--soft-green);font-size:.82rem;}
.foot-legal a{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline;}
.draftbar{background:var(--warm-tan);color:#231F20;text-align:center;font-size:.8rem;padding:6px 12px;font-weight:600;}

/* responsive */
@media (max-width:880px){
  .hero h1{font-size:2.1rem;} h1,.arthead h1{font-size:1.9rem;}
  .related-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .icards{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);}
}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .nav-toggle{display:block;}
  .nav-links{display:none;position:absolute;top:62px;left:0;right:0;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:2px;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--light-grey);padding:10px 16px 16px;}
  .nav-links.open{display:flex;}
  .nav-links a{padding:12px 14px;}
  .section{padding:48px 0;} .hero .container{padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:60px;}
}
@media (max-width:480px){ .icards{grid-template-columns:1fr;} body{font-size:16px;} }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{transition:none !important;scroll-beha